One, ECIK treatment technology
Cytokine induced killer cells (killer cell Cytokine-induced, CIK) is a group of strong proliferation ability, high activity of killing tumor immune effector cells. The main effect of CIK in the killing of cells is the expression of CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD56+ two subsets, both with T cell anti-tumor activity and NK cells of non MHC restricted cytotoxicity, called NK like T cells.
Cancer patients CIK cell adoptive immunotherapy from peripheral blood have been widely used in clinical. With the following advantages: (1) CIK cells are activated autologous cells, it is very safe to use. (2) less blood collection, blood 50ml; (3) CIK cell proliferation rate is fast, can be in a short period of a large number of amplification, to meet the needs of clinical treatment. (4) CIK cell killing activity is high, the tumor spectrum is wide, the same sensitivity to a variety of drug resistant tumor cells. (5) CIK cell is a typical model of individual biological treatment. It is derived from autologous T lymphocytes, which can improve the killing activity of tumor cells and improve the immune ability of the cells, which can be applied to the treatment of cancer.
Umbilical cord blood CIK has the following advantages: (1) a wide range of sources, high content of precursor cells, more easily amplified to a large number of CIK; (2) lymphocyte number, with strong proliferative potential; (3) low immunogenicity and post transplant shift graft-versus-host disease (Graft-versus-host disease, GVHD incidence is low. Cord blood CIK immunotherapy for advanced cancer patients with low immunity provides a better choice, many patients after treated with umbilical cord blood CIK, immunity and function get recovered significantly, for further treatment and rehabilitation laid the foundation increased in patients with clinical benefit rate and overall survival.
Two, NK treatment technology
Natural killer cells (killer cells natural, NK) is the third group of lymphocytes and T, B cells. This natural killer activity, which can be used to kill the target cells directly, is not required to be sensitized by antigen in advance, nor to be involved in the antibody, and no MHC restriction is required. NK cells are the body's resistance to the first line of defence against cancer cells and cells infected with the virus, in addition to has strong killing function, also has a strong immune regulation function, and the rest of the body a variety of immune cell interactions, regulating the immune state of the body and immune function.
NK cells in the anti tumor treatment process characteristics: (1) NK cell proliferation rate is fast, can be in a short period of a large number of amplification, to meet the needs of clinical treatment. (2) NK cells have a mechanism for the identification of the tumor, the normal cells of non toxic effect. (3) NK cell killing activity is high, the tumor spectrum is wide, the same sensitivity to a variety of drug resistant tumor cells. (4) the toxicity of hematopoietic precursor cells in normal bone marrow is very small. (5) can resist the effect of tumor cells induced apoptosis of Fas-FasL cells. (6) because NK cells are activated autologous cells, it is very safe to use.
Natural killer cells (killer cells natural, NK) is the third group of lymphocytes and T, B cells. This natural killer activity, which can be used to kill the target cells directly, is not required to be sensitized by antigen in advance, nor to be involved in the antibody, and no MHC restriction is required. NK cells are the body's resistance to the first line of defence against cancer cells and cells infected with the virus, in addition to has strong killing function, also has a strong immune regulation function, and the rest of the body a variety of immune cell interactions, regulating the immune state of the body and immune function.
NK cells in the anti tumor treatment process characteristics: (1) NK cell proliferation rate is fast, can be in a short period of a large number of amplification, to meet the needs of clinical treatment. (2) NK cells have a mechanism for the identification of the tumor, the normal cells of non toxic effect. (3) NK cell killing activity is high, the tumor spectrum is wide, the same sensitivity to a variety of drug resistant tumor cells. (4) the toxicity of hematopoietic precursor cells in normal bone marrow is very small. (5) can resist the effect of tumor cells induced apoptosis of Fas-FasL cells. (6) because NK cells are activated autologous cells, it is very safe to use.
Three, TIL treatment technology
Most of malignant pleural effusion and ascites were severe complications caused by advanced tumor or metastasis, also known as malignant pleural effusion and ascites, the treatment effect is not good, the adverse reaction is big, and easy to repeat. Lymphocytes in Cancerous Pleural effusion is a special form of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL cells), which is mainly derived from T lymphocytes. It has a certain ability to identify tumor cells.
The separation and extraction of TIL cells from ascites carcinoma, by a series of cytokines in vitro induced and amplified after the transfusion to patients with thoracic and abdominal cavity, through the following ways: (1) play a role in the treatment of TIL cells can specifically recognize and kill autologous tumor cells, the tumor's blood vessels caused by injury. The occlusion, reduce leakage and play anti-tumor effect, effectively inhibit the normal growth of tumor cells; (2) TIL cells can inhibit tumor cells can damage the peritoneal surface protein, inhibition of histamine release of constituents, in order to reduce peritoneal surface exudation, and promote the repair of injury of the peritoneal surface, so that the exudate absorption as soon as possible, so as to achieve the treatment effect; (3) improve the immune function.
Most of malignant pleural effusion and ascites were severe complications caused by advanced tumor or metastasis, also known as malignant pleural effusion and ascites, the treatment effect is not good, the adverse reaction is big, and easy to repeat. Lymphocytes in Cancerous Pleural effusion is a special form of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL cells), which is mainly derived from T lymphocytes. It has a certain ability to identify tumor cells.
The separation and extraction of TIL cells from ascites carcinoma, by a series of cytokines in vitro induced and amplified after the transfusion to patients with thoracic and abdominal cavity, through the following ways: (1) play a role in the treatment of TIL cells can specifically recognize and kill autologous tumor cells, the tumor's blood vessels caused by injury. The occlusion, reduce leakage and play anti-tumor effect, effectively inhibit the normal growth of tumor cells; (2) TIL cells can inhibit tumor cells can damage the peritoneal surface protein, inhibition of histamine release of constituents, in order to reduce peritoneal surface exudation, and promote the repair of injury of the peritoneal surface, so that the exudate absorption as soon as possible, so as to achieve the treatment effect; (3) improve the immune function.
Four, DC, CIK treatment technology
DC, CIK treatment of immune cells, is the cultivation in vitro in peripheral blood cells, induce the differentiation of dendritic cells (DC), then use the antigen stimulation of dendritic cells induced CIK cells to produce specific killing tumor treatment technologies, namely CIK and DC cells to jointly develop and become the destruction of group (DC - CIK). The killing mechanism characterized by direct killing effect and the indirect role of immune effector cells participate in, for the patients with poor cellular immune function, especially the more suitable for leukemia patients, and can remove the body of tiny residual lesions.
New development of immune cells in the treatment of tumor is joint application of DC + CIK cells can cause further improve curative effect, is the best combination of immune cell therapy method. This kind of treatment has the following characteristics: (1) specific: DC cell recognition, devouring tumor cells directly, CIK cells nonspecific killing tumor cells; Only effective attack on tumor cells, do not harm normal tissue cells; (2) security: from the body's own cells Kill tumor cells, non-toxic side effects. (3) persistence: enhance the body's immune system, restore the body's immune function, sustained killing tumor cells; (4) the thoroughness: to improve the body's immune ability, effective treatment of most solid tumors, and can eliminate the put, chemotherapy is not sensitive, and metastasis of tumor cells, thoroughly remove residual tumor cells in the body and small metastatic lesions. (5) generalized: reconstruction and improve a patient's body immune function, comprehensive knowledge, search, killing tumor cells, prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis, for all kinds of tumor cells in the body can effective treatment.
Five, the antigen sensitization of DC cells (APDC) treatment technology
Antigen sensitization of dendritic cells (APDC) is a kind of late for a variety of tumor specific therapeutic vaccines. Basic principle isolated from patients with autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells, under the specific conditions in vitro induced to become powerful antigen presenting function of DCS, the in vitro tumor antigen sensitization, then sensitization DC back to lose to the patient's body, will carry the tumor antigen DC specific T cells and antigen presenting information to make activation, thus inducing the body to produce a large number of which has the function of specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), has specific killing effect on tumor cells.
Six, DC - CIK treatment of tumor vaccines sensitization
With tumor cell lines in vitro as tumor vaccines sensitization DC cell, make DC cell load on tumor specific antigen, and cultivate the DC and CIK cells after reaching a certain number of cells back to patients. The DC load tumor antigens can not only present the antigen of more comprehensive information to CIK cells, enhance its specific role, reduce tumor immune escape, and antigen-pulsed DCS more matured, CIK cells to secrete more mature and activation of cytokines, improve specificity anti-tumor activity of CIK cells.
Seven, ATTTM technology target tumor immunotherapy
ATTTM target tumor immunotherapy technology, is the latest developed by double specificity Antibodies, Bispecific Antibodies, BsAb) mediated by T cells targeted tumor immunotherapy is one of the new technology, its principle is: will be able to identify antigen of T cells and tumor antigen of two Antibodies by chemical crosslinking or gene engineering method to form a single double specificity antibody molecules (BsAb), the antibody molecules at the same time combined with T cells and the ability to express specific tumor antigen tumor cells. So isolated from patients with mononuclear cells in vitro induced by the cytokines amplification and activated, at this time will be double antibody specificity and amplification in vitro activation of T cells, by double specificity antibodies to lose patients T cells in the body can greatly enhance the ability of identifying tumor, thus improve the kill tumor effect, improve the curative effect significantly
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Eight, chimeric antigen receptor gene modified t-cells targeting tumor treatment technology
After separation and amplification in vitro, antigen specific T cells can recognize and kill tumors, sometimes get response efficiency is much better than standard treatment. Chimeric antigen receptors as a way to redirect to tumor cells, T lymphocytes are currently used in the field of cancer immunotherapy.
Chimeric Antigen receptor (Chimeric Antigen Receptors, CARs) technology design principle is: will identify tumor associated Antigen (TAA) of single antibody (scFv), across the membrane stimulation structure domains (such as CD28 and bb CD4-1) and T cell activation sequence (such as chain (zeta) intracellular CD3 complex domain) combined into an organic whole, through the base for transfection transduction method T lymphocytes, approved by the genetic modification of T cells express single antibody enhancement in combination with the ability of tumor cells, at the same time by stimulating signals and activate the expression of motif and cytotoxic T cell proliferation, the high affinity to the tumor Antigen antibodies and T lymphocyte killing mechanism of organic combine, make its can specifically recognize and kill tumor cells, can be clearly expressed specific tumor Antigen in patients with clinical curative effect is obvious.
In theory, the expression of chimeric antigen receptors of T cells than other treatments based on T cells exist the following advantages: (1) using the patients from somatic cells, reduce the risk of rejection; (2) the CAR T cells, easy preparation, the same chimeric antigen receptor structure can be used for many patients treatment; (3) a variety of cell surface molecules can be chimeric antigen receptor potential targets; (4) the CAR T cells process does not need major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mediated, tumor cells of changes to MHC lost or antigen-presenting equally effective
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